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Recent research shows the eye has a paravascular solute transport pathwaydriven by physiological pulsations resembling the brain. we developedsynchronous multimodal imaging tools aimed at measuring the driving pulsationsof the human eye. We used an eye-tracking functional eye camera (FEC)compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for measuring eye surfacepulsations. Special optics enabled the integration of the FEC with a magneticresonance compatible video ophthalmoscopy (MRcVO) for simultaneous retinalimaging along with functional eye MRI imaging (fMREye) reflecting BOLD (bloodoxygen level dependent) contrast. Upon optimizing the fMREye parameters, wethus measured the power of the physiological (vasomotor, respiratory, andcardiac) eye and brain pulsations by fast Fourier transform (FFT) poweranalysis. The human eye proved to pulsate in all three physiological pulsebands, most prominently in the respiratory (RESP) band. The FFT power means ofphysiological pulsation for two adjacent slices was significantly higher thanin one-slice scans (RESP1 .vs RESP2; df = 5, p = 0.0174). FEC and MRcVOconfirmed the respiratory pulsations at the eye surface and retina. we concludethat the human eye has three pulsation mechanisms, and multimodal imagingoffers non-invasive monitoring of their effects in driving eye fluidics.

Synchronous functional magnetic resonance eye imaging, video  ophthalmoscopy, and eye surface imaging reveal the human brain and eye  pulsation mechanisms