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The extraordinary properties of a heterostructure by stacking atom-thick vander Waals (vdW) magnets have been extensively studied. However, themagnetocaloric effect (MCE) of heterostructures that are based on monolayermagnets remains to be explored. Herein, we deliberate MCE of vdWheterostructure composed of a monolayer CrI$_3$ and metal atomic layers (Ag,Hf, Au, and Pb). It is revealed that heterostructure engineering by introducingmetal substrate can improve MCE of CrI$_3$, particularly boosting relativecooling power to 471.72 $\mu$Jm$^{-2}$ and adiabatic temperature change to 2.1K at 5 T for CrI$_3$/Hf. This improved MCE is ascribed to the enhancement ofmagnetic moment and intralayer exchange coupling in CrI$_3$ due to theCrI$_3$/metal heterointerface induced charge transfer. Electric field isfurther found to tune MCE of CrI$_3$ in heterostructures and could shift thepeak temperature by around 10 K in CrI$_3$/Hf, thus manipulating the workingtemperature window of MCE. The discovered electric-field and substrateregulated MCE in CrI$_3$/metal heterostructure opens new avenues forlow-dimensional magnetic refrigeration.

Magnetocaloric effect and its electric-field regulation in CrI$_3$/metal heterostructure