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The transport of aerosol discharge in the form of a passive scalar or tracerdischarged from a single cough of a patient in a ventilated mock hospitalisolation room is investigated via computational fluid dynamics (CFD).Healthcare worker (HCW) exposure to the aerosol is assessed through residencetime analysis of the aerosol transported through the imperfect mixingconditions in the room. Flow features responsible for imperfect mixing,including short-circuiting or channeling between the patient and exhaust airvent (which leads to rapid expulsion of aerosols from the room), dead zones orre-circulation flow regions in the room, and the turbulent diffusion orspreading of aerosol across the room, are shown to play important factorsdetermining the HCW exposure to the aerosol. The importance of each of thesefactors varies depending on the ventilation rate (ACH) and the placement of theexhaust air vent relative to the patient. For example, reducing ACH from 12 to6 diminishes the importance of these flow features and the aerosol transportmay be approximately modeled through the classical perfectly mixed assumption.At ACH = 12, especially when the ceiling exhaust is placed above the patientand the HCW, short-circuiting is the dominant feature in determining HCWexposure. But when the ceiling exhaust is placed away from the patient and HCW,the short-circuiting is weakened and the influence of dead zones, which trapaerosol, and turbulent diffusion, which allow the aerosol to escape, becomesmore important. It is shown that the importance of these flow features and theresulting impact on HCW exposure can be quantified in terms of residence timedistribution (RTD) metrics such as mean residence time and cumulative RTD. Theresults suggest that residence time analysis is a useful technique to beemployed when designing a hospital isolation room and assessing HCW exposure toaerosols.

Residence Time Distribution Analysis of Aerosol Transport and Associated  Healthcare Worker Exposure in a Mock Hospital Isolation Room via  Computational Fluid Dynamics