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Microscopy plays a crucial role in hematology and diagnosis of infectiousdiseases worldwide. For malaria alone, more than 200 million slides are read bymanual microscopists every year. High quality thin blood smears are essentialfor subsequent microscopy examinations including malaria microscopy, but arehard to make in field settings. Existing devices for assisting in making thinsmears are available but are limited by cost or complexity for wider use. Herewe present Inkwell, a portable mechanical device capable of making high qualitythin blood smears in field settings. Inkwell is simple, low-cost, does not useelectricity, and requires minimal training prior to use. By utilizing passivedissipative dynamics of a spiral spring coupled to an air dashpot with atunable valve - we demonstrate a highly tunable mechanism for constant velocitysmears at prescribed angle. Inkwell is capable of producing high quality bloodsmears of tunable cell density with more than 12 million individuallydistinguishable red blood cells on a single slide. The current design, whichexploits precision manufacturing of a 17 cents plastic syringe and a spring,can be printed on a standard 3D printer with overall unit cost of less than afew dollars in large quantities. We further present usability tests to confirmperformance over 10,000 unit cycle operations with no degradation in quality ofthe smear and demonstrate ease of use with minimal training. Inkwell enhancesthe broader toolbox of open innovations in diagnostics for providing highquality medical care in low and medium resource settings. Combined with rise of3D printing, Inkwell presents an alternative to traditional centralizedmanufacturing and opens up distributed manufacturing of medical diagnostics inglobal context.

Inkwell: Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Open Electricity-Free 3D Printed Device for Automated Thin Smearing of Whole Blood