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In this work, we first analyze the correlations among different nuclearmatter parameters which are obtained by the 119 effective Skyrme interactionsets. The values of the correlation coefficients illustrate that the magnitudeof the effective mass splitting is crucial for the tight constraints of thesymmetry energy via HICs. Thus, the main object of this work is to investigatethe impacts of the effective mass splitting on the heavy ion collisionsobservables. The $^{86}$Kr+$^{208}$Pb system at the beam energy ranging from25A MeV to 200A MeV are simulated within the framework of the improved quantummolecular dynamics model (ImQMD-Sky) for this goal. Our calculations show thatthe slopes of the spectra of $\ln$[Y(n)/Y(p)] and $\ln$[Y(t)/Y($^3$He)], whichare the logarithms of the neutron to proton yield ratios and triton to Helium-3yield ratios, are directly related to the effective mass splitting and can beused to probe the effective mass splitting.

Probing the nucleon effective mass splitting with the light particle emission