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Simulations of high-density deuterium plasmas in a lower single-null magneticconfiguration based on a TCV discharge are presented. We evolve the dynamics ofthree charged species (electrons, D$^{+}$ and D$_{2}^{+}$), interacting withtwo neutrals species (D and D$_2$) through ionization, charge-exchange,recombination and molecular dissociation processes. The plasma is modelled byusing the drift-reduced fluid Braginskii equations, while the neutral dynamicsis described by a kinetic model. To control the divertor conditions, a D$_2$puffing is used and the effect of increasing the puffing strength isinvestigated. The increase in fuelling leads to an increase of density in thescrape-off layer and a decrease of the plasma temperature. At the same time,the particle and heat fluxes to the divertor target decrease and the detachmentof the inner target is observed. The analysis of particle and transport balancein the divertor volume shows that the decrease of the particle flux is causedby a decrease of the local neutral ionization together with a decrease of theparallel velocity, both caused by the lower plasma temperature. The relativeimportance of the different collision terms is assessed, showing the crucialrole of molecular interactions, as they are responsible for increasing theatomic neutral density and temperature, since most of the D neutrals areproduced by molecular activated recombination and D$_2$ dissociation. Thepresence of strong electric fields in high-density plasmas is also shown,revealing the role of the $E \times B$ drift in setting the asymmetry betweenthe divertor targets. Simulation results are in agreement with experimentalobservations of increased density decay length, attributed to a decrease ofparallel transport, together with an increase of plasma blob size and radialvelocity.

Self-consistent multi-component simulation of plasma turbulence and neutrals in detached conditions