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There is a consensus in the literature that cell-switching is a viablesolution to tackle the draconian increase in the energy consumption of cellularnetworks. Although the literature is full of works addressing the energyconsumption problem via cell-switching, where small cells with low or no loadare turned off and the traffic is offloaded to either adjacent base stations ormacro cells, in terrestrial communication networks, they may not be feasiblewhen there is either a lack of infrastructure or insufficient capacity due tohigh demand. The integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) into thecell-switching process can be considered as a visionary approach to handle thisproblem. In this regard, high altitude platform station (HAPS) drawsconsiderable attention with its massive footprint, high capacity, andubiquitous connectivity. The aim of this study is to show the potentialbenefits of using HAPS in cell-switching methods by being a bountiful host foroffloaded users from cell-switching operations. More specifically, HAPS isincluded in the network so that it can increase the switching off opportunitiesby providing extra coverage and capacity. The simulation results demonstratethat a significant amount of reduction in energy consumption (as high as 16%)is obtained while ensuring quality-of-service (QoS) requirements.

HAPS-Enabled Sustainability Provision in Cellular Networks through Cell-Switching