English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The proton-boron (p-$^{11}$B) reaction is regarded as the holy grail ofadvanced fusion fuels, since the primary reaction produces three $\alpha$particles with few neutrons and induced radio-activities from second orderreactions. Compared to the Deuterium-Tritium reaction a much higher reactiontemperature is required. Moreover, bremsstrahlung energy losses due to the highnuclear charge of boron deem it seemingly apparent than a fusion reactor basedon Deuterium-Tritium plasma in equilibrium is to say the least verydifficult.It is becoming more appealing to collide intense laser beams oraccelerated proton beams with a boron target to produce p-$^{11}$B reactions.The fusion yield of p-$^{11}$B reactions is closely related to proton beamparameters and boron target conditions such as density, temperature, andingredients. Quantum degeneracy will increase fusion yields by reducing thestopping power of injected protons. In this work, we suggest a high-efficiencyscheme for beam-target p-$^{11}$B fusions via injecting a MeV proton beam intoa highly compressed quantum degenerated boron target. Such a boron target canbe achieved via quasi-isentropic compression of solid boron by using preciselyshaped laser pulses. Our results indicate that for densities ranging from$10^3$ to $10^4\rho_s$, where $\rho_s$ is the density of solid boron,contributions of bound and free electrons to the stopping of protons can becompletely disregarded and dramatically reduced respectively. The result is anincrease in fusion yield by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, in order toachieve multiplication factor $F$ greater than one, with $F$ defined as theratio of output fusion energy to the energy of injected protons, it is foundthere exits a minimum possible density of boron target, which is $2.15 \times10^4 \rho_s$ when the kinetic energy of injected protons is $0.8$ MeV.

A high-efficiency proton-boron fusion scheme taking into account the effects of quantum degeneracy