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In many QBF encodings, sequences of Boolean variables stand for binaryrepresentations of integer variables. Examples are state labels in boundedmodel checking or actions in planning problems. Often not the full possiblerange is used, e.g., for representing six different states, three Booleanvariables are required, rendering two of the eight possible assignmentsirrelevant for the solution of the problem. As QBF solvers do not have anydomain-specific knowledge on the formula they process, they are not able todetect this pruning opportunity.  In this paper, we introduce the idea of int-splits, which providedomain-specific information on integer variables to QBF solvers. This isparticularly appealing for parallel Divide-and-Conquer solving which partitionsthe search space into independently solvable sub-problems. Using thistechnique, we reduce the number of generated sub-problems from a full expansionto only the required subset. We then evaluate how many resources int-splitssave in problems already well suited for D&C. In that context, we provide areference implementation that splits QBF formulas into many sub-problems withor without int-splits and merges results. We finally propose a comment-basedoptional syntax extension to (Q)DIMACS that includes int-splits and is suitedfor supplying proposed guiding paths natively to D&C solvers.

Search-Space Pruning with Int-Splits for Faster QBF Solving