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Molecular motors fulfill critical functions within all living beings.Understanding their underlying working principles is therefore of greatinterest. Here we develop a simple model inspired by the two-componentbiomolecular motor Fo-F1 ATP synthase. We analyze its energetics andcharacterize information flows between the machine's components. At maximumoutput power we find that information transduction plays a minor role forfree-energy transduction. However, when the two components are coupled todifferent environments (e.g., when in contact with heat baths at differenttemperatures), we show that information flow becomes a resource worthexploiting to maximize free-energy transduction. Our findings suggest thatreal-world powerful and efficient information engines could be found inmachines whose components are subjected to fluctuations of different strength,since in this situation the benefit gained from using information for workextraction can outweigh the costs of information generation.

Unlocking the potential of information flow: Maximizing free-energy transduction in a model of an autonomous rotary molecular motor