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This work investigates the effect of copper substitution on the magneticproperties of SmCo$_{5}$ thin films synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy. Aseries of thin films with varying concentrations of Cu were grown underotherwise identical conditions to disentangle structural and compositionaleffects on the magnetic behavior. The combined experimental and theoreticalstudies show that Cu substitution at the Co$_{3g}$ sites not only stabilizesthe formation of the SmCo$_{5}$ structure but enhances magnetic anisotropy andcoercivity. Density functional theory calculations indicate thatSm(Co$_4$Cu$_{3g}$)$_5$ possesses a higher single-ion anisotropy as compared topure SmCo$_{5}$. In addition, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals that Cusubstitution causes an increasing decoupling of the Sm 4\textit{f} and Co3\textit{d} moments. Scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmspredominantly SmCo$_{5}$ phase formation and reveals nanoscale inhomogeneitiesin the Cu and Co distribution. Our study based on thin film model systems andadvanced characterization as well as modeling reveals novel aspects of thecomplex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to magnetichysteresis in rare earth-based magnets, \textit{i.e.} the combination ofincreased intrinsic anisotropy due to Cu substitution and the extrinsic effectof inhomogeneous elemental distribution of Cu and Co.

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo$_{5-x}$Cu$_{x}$ Thin Films