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Dynamically tunable nanoengineered structures for coloration show promisingapplications in sensing, displays, and communication. However, their potentialchallenge remains in having a scalable manufacturing process over large scalesin tens of cm of area. For the first time, we report a novel approach forfabricating chromogenic nanostructures that respond to mechanical stimuli byutilizing the fluidic properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substrateand the interfacial tension of liquid metal-based plasmonic nanoparticles.Relying on the PDMS tunable property and a physical deposition method, ourapproach is single-step, scalable, and does not rely on high carbon footprintlithographic processes. By tuning the oligomer content in PDMS, we show thatvarieties of structural colors covering a significant gamut in CIE coordinatesare achieved. We develop a model which depicts the formation of Ga nanodropletsfrom the capillary interaction of oligomers in PDMS with Ga. We showcase thecapabilities of our processing technique by presenting prototypes of reflectivedisplays and sensors for monitoring body parts, smart bandages, and thecapacity of the nanostructured film to map force in real time. These examplesillustrate this technology's broad range of applications, such as large-areadisplays, devices for human-computer interactions, healthcare, and visualcommunication.

Scalable fabrication of gap-plasmon-based dynamic and chromogenic nanostructures by capillary-interaction driven self-assembly of liquid-metal