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Glacial ice is used as a target material for the detection of ultra-highenergy neutrinos, by measuring the radio signals that are emitted when thoseneutrinos interact in the ice. Thanks to the large attenuation length at radiofrequencies, these signals can be detected over distances of severalkilometers. One experiment taking advantage of this is the Radio NeutrinoObservatory Greenland (RNO-G), currently under construction at Summit Station,near the apex of the Greenland ice sheet. These experiments require a thoroughunderstanding of the dielectric properties of ice at radio frequencies. Towardsthis goal, calibration campaigns have been undertaken at Summit, during whichwe recorded radio reflections off internal layers in the ice sheet. Using datafrom the nearby GISP2 and GRIP ice cores, we show that these reflectors can beassociated with features in the ice conductivity profiles; we use thisconnection to determine the index of refraction of the bulk ice as n=1.778 +/-0.006.

Precision measurement of the index of refraction of deep glacial ice at radio frequencies at Summit Station, Greenland