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This paper considers massive Internet of Things systems, especially for LoWPower Wide Area Networks, that aim at connecting billions of low-cost deviceswith multi-year battery life requirements. Current systems for massive Internetof Things exhibit severe problems when trying to pursue the target of serving avery large number of users. In this paper, a novel asynchronous spread spectrummodulation, called Golden Modulation, is introduced. This modulation provides avast family of equivalent waveforms with very low cross-interference even inasynchronous conditions, hence enabling natural multiuser operation without theneed for inter-user synchronization or for interference cancellation receivers.Thanks to minimal interference between waveforms, coupled with the absence ofcoordination requirements, this modulation can accommodate very high systemcapacity. The basic modulation principles, relying on spectrum spreading viadirect Zadoff-Chu sequences modulation, are presented and the correspondingtheoretical bit error rate performance in an additive white Gaussian noisechannel is derived and compared by simulation with realistic Golden Modulationreceiver performance. The demodulation of the Golden Modulation is alsodescribed, and its performance in the presence of uncoordinated multiple usersis characterized.

Golden Modulation: a New and Effective Waveform for Massive IoT