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Despite their potential in many respects, blockchain and distributed ledgertechnology (DLT) technology have been the target of criticism for the energyintensity of the proof-of-work (PoW) consensus algorithm in general and ofBitcoin mining in particular. However, mining is also believed to have thepotential to drive net decarbonization and renewable penetration in the energygrid by providing ancillary and other services. In this paper, we systematizethe state of the art in this regard. Although not completely absent from theliterature, the extent to which flexible load response (FLR) through PoW miningmay support grid decarbonization remains insufficiently studied and hencecontested. We approach this research gap by systematizing both the strengthsand the limitations of mining to provide FLR services for energy grids. We findthat a net-decarbonizing effect led by renewable-based mining is indeedplausible.

Bitcoin's Carbon Footprint Revisited: Proof of Work Mining for Renewable Energy Expansion