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Droplet spreading is ubiquitous and plays a significant role in liquid-basedenergy systems, thermal management devices, and microfluidics. While thespreading of non-volatile droplets is quantitatively understood, the spreadingand flow transition in volatile droplets remains elusive due to the complexityadded by interfacial phase change and non-equilibrium thermal transport. Herewe show, using both mathematical modeling and experiments, that the wettingdynamics of volatile droplets can be scaled by the spatial-temporal interplaybetween capillary, evaporation, and thermal Marangoni effects. We elucidate andquantify these complex interactions using phase diagrams based on systematictheoretical and experimental investigations. A spreading law of evaporativedroplets is derived by generalizing Tanner's law (valid for non-volatileliquids) to a full range of liquids with saturation vapor pressure spanningfrom 10^1 to 10^4 Pa and on substrates with thermal conductivity from 10^{-1}to 10^3 W/m/K. Besides its importance in fluid-based industries, theconclusions also enable a unifying explanation to a series of individual worksincluding the criterion of flow reversal and the state of dynamic wetting,making it possible to control liquid transport in diverse applicationscenarios.

Intricate Role of Thermal Properties and Volatility in Droplet Spreading: A Generalization to Tanner's Law