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This paper presents an extensive framework focused on the control design,along with stability and performance analysis, of Grid-Following Inverters(GFL). It aims to ensure their effective operation under both stiff and weakgrid conditions. The proposed framework leverages the coupled algebraicstructure of the transmission line dynamics in the $dq$ frame to express andthen mitigate the effect of coupled dynamics on the GFL inverter's stabilityand performance. Additionally, we simplify the coupled multi-input,multi-output (MIMO) closed-loop system of the GFL into two separatesingle-input, single-output (2-SISO) closed-loops for easier analysis andcontrol design. We present the stability, robust stability, and performance ofthe original GFL MIMO closed-loop system through our proposed 2-SISOclosed-loop framework. This approach simplifies both the control design and itsanalysis. Our framework effectively achieves grid synchronization and activedamping of filter resonance via feedback control. This eliminates the need forseparate phase-locked loop (PLL) and virtual impedance subsystems. We alsoutilize the Bode sensitivity integral to define the limits of GFL closed-loopstability margin and performance. These fundamental limits reveal the necessarytrade-offs between various performance goals, including reference tracking,closed-loop bandwidth, robust synchronization, and the ability to withstandgrid disturbances. Finally, we demonstrate the merits of our proposed frameworkthrough detailed simulations and experiments. These showcase its effectivenessin handling challenging scenarios, such as asymmetric grid faults, low voltageoperation, and the balance between harmonic rejection and resonancesuppression.

Enhanced Grid Following Inverter (E-GFL): A Unified Control Framework for Stiff and Weak Grids