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As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to grow, there is anincreasing need for smart charging strategies. This paper exploits thevehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) concept to leverage EVs' diverse charging patterns andunlock the value of flexibility by enabling energy transfer among EVs. Weformulate a cost minimization problem for an EV charging station to optimizethe V2V schedule together with vehicle-to-grid (V2G), grid-to-vehicle (G2V)charging, as well as the use of renewable energy. When EVs perform V2V totransfer energy to charge EVs, the traditional cost-minimizing approach mayoveruse some EVs with lower costs to perform V2V. We address the fairness issueby developing fair V2V energy transfer strategies to avoid the excess dischargefrom individual EVs. We introduced three kinds of fairness metrics in the V2Voptimization problem to demonstrate the fair energy transfers. In addition, weformulate baseline optimization problems without V2G or V2V and compare theresults to prove the potency of V2V concept along with V2G method. Thesimulation results demonstrate that V2V can significantly reduce EV chargingcosts and highlight the trade-off between fairness enforcement and chargingcost minimization.

Fairness-Aware Optimization of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Interaction for Smart EV Charging Coordination