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Recently, FPGA accelerators have risen in popularity as they present asuitable way of satisfying the high-computation and low-power demands of realtime applications. The modern electric transportation systems (such asaircraft, road vehicles) can greatly profit from embedded FPGAs, whichincorporate both high-performance and flexibility features into a single SoC.At the same time, the virtualization of FPGA resources aims to reinforce thesesystems with strong isolation, consolidation and security. In this paper, wepresent a novel virtualization framework aimed for SoC-attached FPGA devices,in a Linux and QEMU/KVM setup. We use Virtio as a means to enable theconfiguration of FPGA resources from guest systems in an efficient way. Also,we employ the Linux VFIO and Device Tree Overlays technologies in order torender the FPGA resources dynamically accessible to guest systems. The abilityto dynamically configure and utilize the FPGA resources from a virtualizationenvironment is described in details. The evaluation procedure of the solutionis presented and the virtualization overhead is benchmarked as minimal (around10%) when accessing the FPGA devices from guest systems.

Virtio-FPGA: a virtualization solution for SoC-attached FPGAs