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Optical pumping is a technique for engineering atomic-sublevel population ofdesired atoms. We investigate the population evolution of Cesium atoms byemploying Liouville equation. For this purpose, we apply a circularly polarizedlight at a frequency suitable for electronic transition from ground states toexcited states and calculate the relaxation rate, repopulation, and populationevolution of the Cesium Zeeman sublevels. For engineering the sublevelpopulation after optical pumping, we employ a radiofrequency (RF) field andconsider the effect of RF field in Liouville equation. With this approach, weare able to prepare desired distribution of the population in the atomicsublevels with high efficiency, which can be employed in different opticalexperiments.

Investigation of Optical Pumping in Cesium Atoms with a Radio-Frequency Field, Using Liouville Equation