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Space launches produce ionospheric disturbances which can be observed throughmeasurements such as Global Navigation Satellite System signal delays. Here wereport observations and numerical simulations of the ionospheric depletion dueto a Small-Lift Launch Vehicle. The case examined was the launch of a RocketLab Electron at 22:30 UTC on March 22, 2021. Despite the very small launchvehicle, ground stations in the Chatham Islands measured decreases inline-of-sight total electron content for navigation satellite signals followingthe launch. General Circulation Model results indicated ionospheric depletionswhich were comparable with these measurements. Line-of-sight measurementsshowed a maximum decrease of $2.7$~TECU in vertical total electron content,compared with a simulated decrease of $2.6$~TECU. Advection of the exhaustplume due to its initial velocity and subsequent effects of neutral winds areidentified as some remaining challenges for this form of modelling.

Numerical Modelling and GNSS Observations of Ionospheric Depletions due to a Small-Lift Launch Vehicle