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The approximate state estimation and the closely related classical shadowsmethods allow for the estimation of complicated observables with relatively fewshots. As these methods make use of random measurements that can symmetrise theeffect of readout errors, they have been shown to permit simplified approachesto readout error mitigation which require only a number of samples that scalesas $\mathcal{O}(1)$ with increasing numbers of qubits. However, thesetechniques require executing a different circuit at each shot, adding atypically prohibitive amount of latency that prohibits their practicalapplication. In this manuscript we consider the approximate state estimation ofreadout-mitigated expectation values, and how to best implement that procedureon the Rigetti quantum computing hardware. We discuss the theoretical aspectsinvolved, providing an explicit computation of the effect of readout error onthe estimated expectation values and how to mitigate that effect. Leveragingimprovements to the Rigetti control systems, we then demonstrate an efficientimplementation of this approach. Not only do we find that we can suppress theeffect of correlated errors and accurately mitigate the readout errors, we findthat we can do so quickly, collecting and processing $10^6$ samples in lessthan $1.5$ minutes. This development opens the way for practical uses ofmethods with this type of randomisation.

Development and Demonstration of an Efficient Readout Error Mitigation Technique for use in NISQ Algorithms