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We observed the zig-zag motion of small Leidenfrost water droplets (radiiless than 0.6 mm) on a hot, flat substrate. To understand this motion, weconducted an experiment using a glass capillary to fix a droplet at its edgeand control the droplet height. Thermographic and interferometric observationsreveal that the droplets rotated both vertically and azimuthally. Based on thecharacteristic frequency of the azimuthal rotation depending on the substratetemperature and droplet height, we developed a semi-empirical model consideringunsteady Marangoni convection and its relaxation. We confirmed that our modelcan predict the characteristic time of the zig-zag motion of unfixedLeidenfrost droplets.

Azimuthal rotation induced by the Marangoni force makes small Leidenfrost droplets move in random zig-zag directions