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Several effective methods have been developed recently to demonstratesimultaneous high energy and high power density in Li - carbon fluoride(CF$_x$) batteries. These methods can achieve as high as 1000 Wh/kg energydensity at 60-70 kW/kg power density (40-50 C rate) in coin cells and 750 Wh/kgenergy density at 12.5 kW/kg power density (20 C rate) in pouch cells. Thisperformance is made possible by ingenious nano-architecture design, controlledporosity, boron doping and electrolyte additives. In the present study, we showthat a similarly great performance, 931 Wh/kg energy density at 59 kW/kg powerdensity, can be achieved by using a polyacrylonitrile binder and a LiBF4electrolyte in Li - graphite fluoride coin cells. We also demonstrate that theobserved effect is the result of the right combination of the binder and theelectrolyte. We propose that the mechanistic origin of the observed phenomenais an electro-catalytic effect by the polyacrylonitrile binder. While ourproposed method has a competitive performance, it also offers a simpleimplementation and a scalable production of high energy and high power primaryLi-CF$_x$ cells.

High energy and high power primary Li-CF$_x$ batteries enabled by the combined effects of the binder and the electrolyte