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Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has established itself as apromising tool in optical sensing technology. Efforts have been made to improvepracticalities of the technology with regards to costs of production,stability, reproducibility, flexibility and robustness. Here, we demonstrate amethod to fabricate Ag/Au bimetallic inverted nanopyramid (i-NPyr) and uprightnanopyramid (u-NPyr) using a multi-step molding process on flexible plastics asSERS sensors for the ultrasensitive detection of haemoglobin at a very lowconcentration (down to nM). First, a Si i-NPyr master was created usingelectron beam lithography, then i-NPyr and u-NPyr structures were imprinted onflexible polymer substrates using nanoimprinting lithography, and last, Ag/Aucoatings were coated on top of them. The SERS activity of the imprinted i-NPyrand u-NPyr substrates were evaluated using rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) as probemolecules. Enhancement factor (EF) values of 3.88 x 10^6 and 7.86 x 10^5respectively for the iNPyr and u-NPyr substrates, and the i-NPyr SERS substratewas able to detect Rh6G at concentrations as low as 1pM. In addition, weinvestigated the stability and resilience of i-NPyr by thoroughly analysingsignal performance under angled bending and delicate crumpling. Finally, aproof-of-concept application as a wearable i-NPyr SERS sensor was demonstratedby detecting the analyte in sweat excreted during running and walking. Webelieve that this extremely sensitive i-NPyr SERS substrate with dense electricfield confinement around hotspots (confirmed using computational simulations),as well as its good stability, durability, and low production cost, may enablein-situ measurement of analytes in wearable technologies.

Ag/Au coated inverted nanopyramids as flexible and wearable SERS substrates for biomolecular sensing