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I examine the impacts of extending residency training programs on the supplyand quality of physicians practicing primary care. I leverage mandated extendedresidency lengths for primary care practitioners that were rolled out over 20years in Canada on a province-by-province basis. I compare these primary carespecialties to other specialties that did not change residency length (firstdifference) before and after the policy implementation (second difference) toassess how physician supply evolved in response. To examine quality outcomes, Iuse a set of scraped data and repeat this difference-in-differencesidentification strategy for complaints resulting in censure against physiciansin Ontario.  I find declines in the number of primary care providers by 5% for up to nineyears after the policy change. These changes are particularly pronounced in newgrads and younger physicians suggesting that the policy change dissuaded thesephysicians from entering primary care residencies. I find no impacts on qualityof physician as measured by public censure of physicians. This suggests thatextending primary care training caused declines in physician supply without anyconcomitant improvement in the quality of these physicians. This hasimplications for current plans to extend residency training programs.

Effects of extending residencies on the supply and quality of family  medicine practitioners; difference-in-differences evidence from the  implementation of mandatory family medicine residencies in Canada