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Symbiotic radio (SR) has emerged as a spectrum- and energy-efficient paradigmto support massive Internet of Things (IoT) connections. Two multiple accessschemes are proposed in this paper to facilitate the massive IoT connectionsusing the cellular network based on the SR technique, namely, the simultaneousaccess (SA) scheme and the selection diversity access (SDA) scheme. In the SAscheme, the base station (BS) transmits information to the receiver whilemultiple IoT devices transmit their information simultaneously by passivelybackscattering the BS signal to the receiver, while in the SDA scheme, only theIoT device with the strongest backscatter link transmits information to thereceiver. In both of the schemes, the receiver jointly decodes the informationfrom the BS and the IoT devices. To evaluate the above two schemes, in thispaper, we have derived the closed-form expressions of the ergodic rates and theoutage probabilities for the cellular and IoT transmissions. Finally, numericalresults are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and compare the twoproposed multiple access schemes. When the number of IoT devices is small, theSDA scheme is more appealing since it can significantly reduce thecomputational complexity while achieving equivalent performance to the SAscheme. When the number of IoT devices is large, the SA scheme is preferablesince it guarantees a significantly better rate performance and a lower outageprobability.

Multiple Access Design for Symbiotic Radios: Facilitating Massive IoT Connections with Cellular Networks