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While online hate groups pose significant risks to the health of onlineplatforms and safety of marginalized groups, little is known about what causesusers to become active in hate groups and the effect of social interactions onfurthering their engagement. We address this gap by first developing tools tofind hate communities within Reddit, and then augment 11 subreddits extractedwith 14 known hateful subreddits (25 in total). Using causal inference methods,we evaluate the effect of replies on engagement in hateful subreddits bycomparing users who receive replies to their first comment (the treatment) toequivalent control users who do not. We find users who receive replies are lesslikely to become engaged in hateful subreddits than users who do not, while theopposite effect is observed for a matched sample of similar-sized non-hatefulsubreddits. Using the Google Perspective API and VADER, we discover thathateful community first-repliers are more toxic, negative, and attack theposters more often than non-hateful first-repliers. In addition, we uncover anegative correlation between engagement and attacks or toxicity offirst-repliers. We simulate the cumulative engagement of hateful andnon-hateful subreddits under the contra-positive scenario of friendlyfirst-replies, finding that attacks dramatically reduce engagement in hatefulsubreddits. These results counter-intuitively imply that, althoughunder-moderated communities allow hate to fester, the resulting environment issuch that direct social interaction does not encourage further participation,thus endogenously constraining the harmful role that these communities couldplay as recruitment venues for antisocial beliefs.

No Love Among Haters: Negative Interactions Reduce Hate Community Engagement