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Thermal operations are a generic description for allowed state transitionsunder thermodynamic restrictions. However, the quest for simpler methods toencompass all these processes remains unfulfilled. We resolve this challengethrough the catalytic use of thermal baths, which are assumed to be easilyaccessible. We select two sets of simplified operations: elementary thermaloperations and Markovian thermal operations. They are known for theirexperimental feasibility, but fail to capture the full extent of thermaloperations due to their innate Markovianity. We nevertheless demonstrate thatthis limitation can be overcome when the operations are enhanced byambient-temperature Gibbs state catalysts. In essence, our result indicatesthat free states within thermal operations can act as catalysts that providethe necessary non-Markovianity for simpler operations. Furthermore, we provethat when any catalyst can be employed, different thermal processes (thermaloperations, elementary thermal operations, and Markovian thermal operations)converge. Notably, our results extend to scenarios involving initial stateswith coherence in the energy eigenbasis, a notoriously difficult process tocharacterise.

A hierarchy of thermal processes collapses under catalysis