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Data collected at Hurricane Ian (2022) quantifies the demands that smalluncrewed aerial systems (UAS), or drones, place on the network communicationinfrastructure and identifies gaps in the field. Drones have been increasinglyused since Hurricane Katrina (2005) for disaster response, however getting thedata from the drone to the appropriate decision makers throughout incidentcommand in a timely fashion has been problematic. These delays have persistedeven as countries such as the USA have made significant investments in wirelessinfrastructure, rapidly deployable nodes, and an increase in commercialsatellite solutions. Hurricane Ian serves as a case study of the mismatchbetween communications needs and capabilities. In the first four days of theresponse, nine drone teams flew 34 missions under the direction of the State ofFlorida FL-UAS1, generating 636GB of data. The teams had access to sixdifferent wireless communications networks but had to resort to physicallytransferring data to the nearest intact emergency operations center in order tomake the data available to the relevant agencies. The analysis of the mismatchcontributes a model of the drone data-to-decision workflow in a disaster andquantifies wireless network communication requirements throughout the workflowin five factors. Four of the factors-availability, bandwidth, burstiness, andspatial distribution-were previously identified from analyses of HurricanesHarvey (2017) and Michael (2018). This work adds upload rate as a fifthattribute. The analysis is expected to improve drone design and edge computingschemes as well as inform wireless communication research and development.

Wireless Network Demands of Data Products from Small Uncrewed Aerial Systems at Hurricane Ian