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Project 8 has developed a novel technique, Cyclotron Radiation EmissionSpectroscopy (CRES), for direct neutrino mass measurements. A CRES-basedexperiment on the beta spectrum of tritium has been carried out in asmall-volume apparatus. We provide a detailed account of the experiment,focusing on systematic effects and analysis techniques. In a Bayesian(frequentist) analysis, we measure the tritium endpoint as $18553^{+18}_{-19}$($18548^{+19}_{-19}$) eV and set upper limits of 155 (152) eV (90% C.L.) on theneutrino mass. No background events are observed beyond the endpoint in 82 daysof running. We also demonstrate an energy resolution of $1.66\pm0.19$ eV in aresolution-optimized magnetic trap configuration by measuring $^{83\rm m}$Kr17.8-keV internal-conversion electrons. These measurements establish CRES as alow-background, high-resolution technique with the potential to advanceneutrino mass sensitivity.

Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy of Electrons from Tritium Beta Decay and $^{83\rm m}$Kr Internal Conversion