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The sesquioxide, Ce$_{2}$O$_{3}$, has been a material of intense interest inrecent years due to reports of an anomalous giant magnetodielectric effect andemergent mixed crystal field-phonon (vibronic) excitations below a putativeantiferromagnetic transition at T$_{N}$ = 6.2 K. The claim of long-rangemagnetic order in this material is based on heat capacity andtemperature-dependent susceptibility measurements; however, multiple neutrondiffraction studies have been unable to distinguish any magnetic Bragg peaks.In this article, we present the results of a comprehensive investigation of thelow-temperature phase in symmetry-broken polycrystalline Ce$_{2}$O$_{3}$ usinga combination of magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, neutron diffraction,triple-axis and time-of-flight (TOF) inelastic neutron scattering (INS), andmuon spin rotation ($\mu$SR). Our measurements and subsequent analysis confirmthat the transition at T$_{N}$ can be associated with the ordering of momentson the Ce$^{3+}$ site. Both a spontaneous magnetic order observed with $\mu$SRand a dispersive spin-wave spectrum observed with inelastic neutron scatteringsuggest a model wherein planar dipoles order antiferromagnetically. Notableinconsistencies between $\mu$SR and neutron scattering data within the dipolepicture provide strong evidence for the ordering of higher-order moments.

Direct confirmation of long-range magnetic order and evidence for multipoles in Ce$_{2}$O$_{3}$