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ChatGPT is a publicly available chatbot that can quickly generate texts ongiven topics, but it is unknown whether the chatbot is really superior to humanwriters in all aspects of writing and whether its writing quality can beprominently improved on the basis of updating commands. Consequently, thisstudy compared the writing performance on a narrative topic by ChatGPT andChinese intermediate English (CIE) learners so as to reveal the chatbot'sadvantage and disadvantage in writing. The data were analyzed in terms of fivediscourse components using Coh-Metrix (a special instrument for analyzinglanguage discourses), and the results revealed that ChatGPT performed betterthan human writers in narrativity, word concreteness, and referential cohesion,but worse in syntactic simplicity and deep cohesion in its initial version.After more revision commands were updated, while the resulting version wasfacilitated in syntactic simplicity, yet it is still lagged far behind CIElearners' writing in deep cohesion. In addition, the correlation analysis ofthe discourse components suggests that narrativity was correlated withreferential cohesion in both ChatGPT and human writers, but the correlationsvaried within each group.

Chinese Intermediate English Learners outdid ChatGPT in deep cohesion: Evidence from English narrative writing