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Recent studies demonstrated that an elastomer containing hygroscopicinclusions absorbs moisture and swell. Here we show that a thin film of such anelastomer bonded to a rigid substrate undergoes morphological instability uponabsorption of water, the wavelength of which increases linearly with itsthickness. As the driving force for such a morphological instability arisesfrom the difference of the chemical potential of water between its source andthat in the film, its development is slowed down as the salinity of the waterincreases. Nonetheless, the wavelength of the fully developed morphology, butnot its amplitude, is independent of the salinity. We also demonstrate that ifa domed disk shaped adherent is attached to the hygro-elastomeric film beforemoisture absorption, the elastic force generated during the morphologicaltransition is able to dislodge it completely without the need of any externalforce. These patterns, once developed in pure water, is subdued when thesalinity of water increases or if it is exposed to dry air. They re-emerge whenthe film is immersed in water again. Such an active response could be importantin fouling release when a ship coated with such a hygro-elastomer changes itslocation during its long travel through sea, where salinity varies from placeto place.

Adhesive Release via Elasto-Osmotic Stress Driven Surface Instability