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Port scanning refers to the systematic exploration of networked computingsystems. The goal of port scanning is to identify active services andassociated information. Although this technique is often employed by maliciousactors to locate vulnerable systems within a network, port scanning is also alegitimate method employed by IT professionals to troubleshoot network issuesand maintain system security. In the case of the latter, cybersecuritypractitioners use port scanning catalog exposed systems, identify potentialmisconfigurations, or test controls that may be running on a system. Existingliterature has thoroughly established a taxonomy for port scanning. Thetaxonomy maps the types of scans as well as techniques. In fact, there areseveral tools mentioned repeatedly in the literature. Those are Nmap, Zmap, andmasscan. Further, the presence of multiple tools signals that how a portscanner interacts with target systems impacts the output of the tool. In otherwords, the various tools may not behave identically or produce identicaloutput. Yet, no work has been done to quantify the efficacy for these populartools in a uniform, rigorous manner. Accordingly, we used a comparativeexperimental protocol to measure the accuracy, false positive, false negative,and efficiency of Nmap, Zmap, and masscan. The results show no differencebetween port scanners in general performance. However, the results revealed astatistically significant difference in efficiency. This information can beused to guide the selection of port scanning tools based on specific needs andrequirements. As well, for researchers, the outcomes may also suggest areas forfuture work in the development novel port scanning tools.

A Comparative Analysis of Port Scanning Tool Efficacy