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Latent thermal energy storage (TES) devices could enable advances in manythermal management applications, including peak load shifting for reducingenergy demand and cost of HVAC or providing supplemental heat rejection intransient thermal management systems. However, real-time feedback control ofsuch devices is currently limited by the absence of suitable state of chargeestimation techniques, given the nonlinearities associated with phase changedynamics. In this paper we design and experimentally validate a state-dependentRiccati equation (SDRE) filter for state of charge estimation in a phase changematerial (PCM)-based TES device integrated into a single-phase thermal-fluidloop. The advantage of the SDRE filter is that it does not requirelinearization of the nonlinear finite-volume model; instead, it uses a linearparameter-varying system model which can be quickly derived using graph-basedmethods. We leverage graph-based methods to prove that the system model isuniformly detectable, guaranteeing that the state estimates are bounded. Usingmeasurements from five thermocouples embedded in the PCM of the TES and twothermocouples measuring the fluid temperature at the inlet and outlet of thedevice, the state estimator uses a reduced-order finite-volume model todetermine the temperature distribution inside the PCM and in turn, the state ofcharge of the device. We demonstrate the state estimator in simulation and onexperimental data collected from a thermal management system testbed to showthat the state estimation error converges near zero and remains bounded.

Design and validation of a state-dependent Riccati equation filter for state of charge estimation in a latent thermal storage device