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We present a new phase-field formulation for the non-equilibrium interfacekinetics. The diffuse interface is considered an integral of numerousrepresentative volume elements (RVEs), in which there is a two-phase mixturewith two conserved and two non-conserved concentration fields. This particularway of separating concentration fields leads to two distinct dissipativeprocesses besides the phase boundary migration, i.e., trans-sharp-interfacediffusion between different phases within a single RVE andtrans-diffuse-interface diffusion between different RVEs within a single phase.A two-part mechanism is proposed to balance the driving forces and energydissipation for diffusionless and diffusional processes in RVEs. Moreover, theclassical interface friction and solute drag can be recovered by integratingthe diffuse interface. Compared with the sharp interface theory, the presentdiffuse interface can reproduce the atomic simulated partial-dragself-consistently in thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics of Non-equilibrium Diffuse-Interfaces in Mesoscale Phase Transformations