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The Southern Ocean plays an integral role in the global climate system,exchanging heat, salt, and carbon throughout the major ocean basins via thedeep, fast-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Antarctic CircumpolarCurrent is bounded by spatially and temporally varying fronts that partitiondistinct water masses. Locating and quantifying cross-front transport iscrucial for understanding global patterns of inter-basin exchange; however,this is challenging because fronts are typically defined by hydrographicproperties, such as temperature or salinity, which are subject to externalsources and sinks, rather than by properties of the flow itself. Here we showthat, when characterized by material contours that minimize deformation andcross-contour mixing, Southern Ocean fronts exhibit a global pattern ofalternating poleward and equatorward transport caused by frontal meandering,which, in turn is influenced by prominent sea-floor obstacles. These resultshighlight the importance of bathymetric features in controlling Southern Oceandynamics and inter-basin exchange.

Bathymetry imposes a global pattern of cross-front transport in the Southern Ocean