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Existing electromagnetic inverse design methods are often established in thespacial domain. This communication presents an inverse design method, which candesign aperture field for the desired phaseless radiation pattern, from thespectral domain perspective. In addition, it naturally adapts to thepolarization constraint. Specifically, the inverse design can be converted intosolving the first kind of Fredholm integral equation, using the spectral domainmethod. To deal with the ill-posedness of such integral equation, we applymodal expansion to the integrand. To cope with the non-linearity introduced byphaseless, we use a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain thecoefficients in the modal expansion. Finally, we use this method to break thecosine rule that the directivity of 2D arrays drops as cosine of the angle,which is a puzzle in wide-angle scanning. The numerical simulation results meetexpectations and illustrate the feasibility of the method.

Determining Aperture Field for Arbitrary Phaseless Far-Field Utilizing Inverse Design Method Based on Spectral Analysis