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In the era of quantum computing without full fault-tolerance, it is essentialto suppress noise effects via the quantum error mitigation techniques toenhance the computational power of the quantum devices. One of the mosteffective noise-agnostic error mitigation schemes is the generalized quantumsubspace expansion (GSE) method, which unifies various mitigation algorithmsunder the framework of the quantum subspace expansion. Specifically, thefault-subspace method, a subclass of GSE method, constructs an error-mitigatedquantum state with copies of quantum states with different noise levels.However, from the experimental aspect, it is nontrivial to determine how toreliably amplify the noise so that the error in the simulation result isefficiently suppressed. In this work, we explore the potential of thefault-subspace method by leveraging the hardware-oriented noise: intentionalamplification of the decoherence, noise boost by insertion of identity, makinguse of crosstalk, and probabilistic implementation of noise channel. Wedemonstrate the validity of our proposals via both numerical simulations withthe noise parameters reflecting those in quantum devices available via IBMQuantum, and also experiments performed therein.

Leveraging hardware-control imperfections for error mitigation via generalized quantum subspace