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Current solutions to quantum vulnerabilities of widely used cryptographicschemes involve migrating users to post-quantum schemes before quantum attacksbecome feasible. This work deals with protecting quantum procrastinators: usersthat failed to migrate to post-quantum cryptography in time.  To address this problem in the context of digital signatures, we introduce atechnique called signature lifting, that allows us to lift a deployedpre-quantum signature scheme satisfying a certain property to a post-quantumsignature scheme that uses the same keys. Informally, the said property is thata post-quantum one-way function is used "somewhere along the way" to derive thepublic-key from the secret-key. Our constructions of signature lifting reliesheavily on the post-quantum digital signature scheme Picnic (Chase et al.,CCS'17).  Our main case-study is cryptocurrencies, where this property holds in twoscenarios: when the public-key is generated via a key-derivation function orwhen the public-key hash is posted instead of the public-key itself. We proposea modification, based on signature lifting, that can be applied in manycryptocurrencies for securely spending pre-quantum coins in presence of quantumadversaries. Our construction improves upon existing constructions in two majorways: it is not limited to pre-quantum coins whose ECDSA public-key has beenkept secret (and in particular, it handles all coins that are stored inaddresses generated by HD wallets), and it does not require access topost-quantum coins or using side payments to pay for posting the transaction.

Protecting Quantum Procrastinators with Signature Lifting: A Case Study in Cryptocurrencies