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The inherent existence of multi phases in iron oxide nanostructureshighlights the significance of them being investigated deliberately tounderstand and possibly control the phases. Here, the effects of annealing at250 0C with a variable duration on the bulk magnetic and structural propertiesof high aspect ratio bi-phase iron oxide nanorods with ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 andantiferromagnetic alpha-Fe2O3 is explored. Increasing annealing time under afree flow of oxygen enhanced the alpha-Fe2O3 volume fraction, and improved thecrystallinity of the Fe3O4 phase, identified in changes in the magnetization asa function of annealing time. A critical annealing time of approximately 3hours maximized the presence of both phases, as observed via an enhancement inthe magnetization and an interfacial pinning effect. This is attributed todisordered spins separating the magnetically distinct phases which tend toalign with the application of a magnetic field at high temperatures. Theincreased antiferromagnetic phase can be distinguished due to the field-inducedmetamagnetic transitions observed in structures annealed for more than 3 hoursand was especially prominent in the 9-hour annealed sample. Our controlledstudy in determining the changes in volume fractions with annealing time willenable precise control over phase tunability in iron oxide nanorods, allowingcustom-made phase volume fractions in different applications ranging fromspintronics to biomedical applications.

Competing Magnetic Interactions and Field-Induced Metamagnetic Transition in Highly Crystalline Phase-Tunable Iron Oxide Nanorods