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Research in underwater communication is rapidly becoming attractive due toits various modern applications. An efficient mechanism to secure suchcommunication is via physical layer security. In this paper, we propose a novelphysical layer authentication (PLA) mechanism in underwater acousticcommunication networks where we exploit the position/location of thetransmitter nodes to achieve authentication. We perform transmitter positionestimation from the received signals at reference nodes deployed at fixedpositions in a predefined underwater region. We use time of arrival (ToA)estimation and derive the distribution of inherent uncertainty in theestimation. Next, we perform binary hypothesis testing on the estimatedposition to decide whether the transmitter node is legitimate or malicious. Wethen provide closed-form expressions of false alarm rate and missed detectionrate resulted from binary hypothesis testing. We validate our proposal viasimulation results, which demonstrate errors' behavior against the linkquality, malicious node location, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves. We also compare our results with the performance of previously proposedfingerprint mechanisms for PLA in underwater acoustic communication networks,for which we show a clear advantage of using the position as a fingerprint inPLA.

Location-based Physical Layer Authentication in Underwater Acoustic Communication Networks