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We combine the microcanonical formulation of lattice gauge theories (LGTs)developed by Callaway and the microcanonical inflection point analysis (MIPA)proposed by Bachmann et al. to achieve a systematic characterization of phasetransitions (PTs) in U(1) lattice electrodynamics. Besides identifying thewell-known deconfinement PT (DPT) due to the neutral pair dissolution, which weclassify as a first-order PT, we unequivocally detect three higher-order PTs.According to MIPA, we observe two independent third-order PTs in the confinedphase; instead, in the deconfined (Coulomb) phase, we observe a dependentthird-order PT. For a deeper understanding of the physical meaning of thesePTs, we numerically compute the average number density of monopolar and pairdefects as a function of energy. Our analysis reveals that DPT is only one ofthe major mechanisms observable in LGT. The independent third-order PTs areassociated, respectively, to the first occurrence of monopolar topologicaldefects and to the production of pairs.

Phase Transitions in Abelian Lattice Gauge Theory: Production and Dissolution of Monopoles and Monopole-Antimonopole Pairs