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The consistency of entangling operations between qubits is essential for theperformance of multi-qubit systems, and is a crucial factor in achievingfault-tolerant quantum processors. Solid-state platforms are particularlyexposed to inconsistency due to the materials-induced variability ofperformance between qubits and the instability of gate fidelities over time.Here we quantify this consistency for spin qubits, tying it to its physicalorigins, while demonstrating sustained and repeatable operation of two-qubitgates with fidelities above 99% in the technologically important siliconmetal-oxide-semiconductor (SiMOS) quantum dot platform. We undertake a detailedstudy of the stability of these operations by analysing errors and fidelitiesin multiple devices through numerous trials and extended periods of operation.Adopting three different characterisation methods, we measure entangling gatefidelities ranging from 96.8% to 99.8%. Our analysis tools also identifyphysical causes of qubit degradation and offer ways to maintain performancewithin tolerance. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of qubit design,feedback systems, and robust gates on implementing scalable, high-fidelitycontrol strategies. These results highlight both the capabilities andchallenges for the scaling up of spin-based qubits into full-scale quantumprocessors.

Consistency of high-fidelity two-qubit operations in silicon