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Tensile twinning is a main deformation mode in hexagonal close packedstructure metals, so it is important to comprehensively understand twinningmechanisms which are not fully disclosed using 2D or small volume 3Dcharacterization techniques. A large area 3D electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) measurement and crystal plasticity modeling were carried out toinvestigate the tensile twinning behaviors in a Mg alloy. The results showedthat tensile twinning activity was underestimated using conventional 2D EBSDscans. When compressed to yield point, the examined twin frequency with 2D waslower than that using 3D EBSD. The effects of Schmid factor (SF) on twinningwere investigated. Almost all high Schmid factor (SF>0.35) grains were twinned.A surprising high twin frequency of 82% in middle SF (0.35>=SF>=0.15) grainswas observed, which was unexpected since the middle SF grains were believed tobe unfavorable for twinning. The twin frequency in low SF (SF<0.15) grains wasslightly increased from 2D to 3D EBSD due to the small volume of twins. Theshear stress maintained a high level and was homogeneously distributed in highSF grains, facilitating twin nucleation and growth. The shear stress wasdistributed heterogeneously within the middle SF grains, and twins werenucleated within areas with positive shear stress. The shear stress in low SFgrains was not favorable for twinning and twins occurred in the vicinity ofstress accumulation. Twinning activities in the same grain varied on differentlayers. It was attributed to the stress fluctuation derived from grainenvironment changes.

Three-dimensional study of grain scale tensile twinning activity in Mg: A combination of microstructure characterization and mechanical modeling