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The design dilemma of "What will be different between near-fieldcommunications (NFC) and far-field communications (FFC)?" is addressed fromfour perspectives. 1) From the channel modelling perspective, the differencesbetween near-field and far-field channel models are discussed. A novel Green'sfunction-based channel model is proposed for continuous-aperture antennas,which is contrasted to conventional channel models tailored forspatially-discrete antennas. 2) From the performance analysis perspective,analytical results for characterizing the degrees of freedom and the powerscaling laws in the near-field region are provided for both spatially-discreteand continuous-aperture antennas. 3) From the beamforming perspective,far-field beamforming is analogous to a "flashlight" that enables beamsteering,while near-field beamforming can be likened to a "spotlight" that facilitatesbeamfocusing. As a further advance, a couple of new beamforming structures areproposed for exploiting the new characteristics of NFC. 4) From the applicationperspective, new designs are discussed in the context of promisingnext-generation technologies in NFC, where our preliminary numerical resultsdemonstrate that distance-aware target sensing and enhanced physical layersecurity can be realized in NFC. Finally, several future research directions ofNFC are discussed.

Near-Field Communications: What Will Be Different?