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Laser triggered and photothermally induced vapor bubbles have emerged aspromising approaches to facilitate optomechanical energy conversion fornumerous relevant applications in micro/nanofluidics. Here we report theobservation of a sub-megahertz spontaneous nucleation of explosive plasmonicbubbles, triggered by a continuous wave laser. The periodic nucleation is foundto be a result of the competition of Kelvin impulsive forces and thermalMarangoni forces applied on residual bubbles after collapse. The formeroriginates from asymmetric bubble collapse, resulting in the directedlocomotion of residual bubbles away from the laser spot. The latter arises in alaser irradiation induced heat affected zone (HAZ). When the Kelvin impulsesdominates, residual bubbles move out of the HAZ and the periodic bubblenucleation occurs, with terminated subsequent steadily growing phases. Weexperimentally and numerically study the dependence of the nucleation frequencyf on laser power and laser spot size. Moreover, we show that strong fluid flowsover 10 mm/s in a millimeter range is steadily achievable by the periodicallynucleated bubbles. Overall, our observation highlights the opportunities ofremotely realizing strong localized flows, paving a way to achieve efficientmicro/nanofluidic operations.

Sub-megahertz nucleation of plasmonic vapor microbubbles by asymmetric collapse