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This work investigates the downlink performance of a multi-cell massivemultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system that employs one-bitanalog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) inthe receiving and transmitting radio frequency (RF) chains at each base station(BS) in order to reduce the power consumption. We utilize Bussgangdecomposition to derive the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) channel estimatesat each BS based on the quantized received uplink training signals, and theasymptotic closed-form expressions of the achievable downlink rates underone-bit quantized zero-forcing (ZF) precoding implemented using the estimatedchannels. The derived expressions explicitly show the impact of quantizationnoise, thermal noise, pilot contamination, and interference, and are utilizedto study the number of additional antennas needed at each BS of the one-bitMIMO system to perform as well as the conventional MIMO system. Numericalresults verify our analysis, and reveal that despite needing more antennas toachieve the same sum average rate, the one-bit massive MIMO system is moreenergy-efficient than the conventional system, especially at high samplingfrequencies.

Performance Analysis of Zero-Forcing Precoding in Multi-Cell One-Bit Massive MIMO Downlink