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Every year, about 4 million people die from upper respiratory infections.Mask-wearing is crucial in preventing the spread of pathogen-containingdroplets, which is the primary cause of these illnesses. However, mosttechniques for mask efficacy evaluation are expensive to set up and complex tooperate. In this work, a novel, low-cost, and quantitative metrology tovisualize, track, and analyze orally-generated fluid droplets is developed. Theproject has four stages: setup optimization, data collection, data analysis,and application development. The metrology was initially developed in a darkcloset as a proof of concept using common household materials and wassubsequently implemented into a portable apparatus. Tonic water and UVdarklight tube lights are selected to visualize fluorescent droplet and aerosolpropagation with automated analysis developed using open-source software. Thedependencies of oral fluid droplet generation and propagation on variousfactors are studied in detail and established using this metrology.Additionally, the smallest detectable droplet size was mathematicallycorrelated to height and airborne time. The efficacy of different types ofmasks is evaluated and associated with fabric microstructures. It is found thatmasks with smaller-sized pores and thicker material are more effective. Thistechnique can easily be constructed at home using materials that total to acost of below \$60, thereby enabling a low-cost and accurate metrology.

A Low-Cost Portable Apparatus to Analyze Oral Fluid Droplets and Quantify the Efficacy of Masks